EV Charging Basics
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We aren’t tied to, representatives of, or paid by any single company to promote their products over another. We work with a variety of companies and recommend you the hardware and software based on your location, needs, and project-specific details, to ensure you get the best fit at the right price. See some of the companies we work with and recommend below.
EV Charging Basics
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Depending on product specifications, some will perform better than others. Climate conditions should be considered when choosing a product for a site, especially outdoor installations. Charger size selection should consider the climate. Additional loads drawn by battery management systems for maintaining optimal battery temperature will reduce the apparent charging speed.
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Smart chargers and even electric vehicles come with a smartphone app. These apps will notify the driver when their preset charge limit (or default charge setting) is reached.
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One of the benefits of smartchargers is the communication between charger, vehicle, fleet management, and driver. EVSE management software can incorporate “idle fees” where a driver may be incurring higher fees once a charging session is complete and vehicle remains plugged in. Even without idle fees, drivers are notified when their vehicle’s charging limit has been reached. Employee or visitor policies can include moving a vehicle once a charging session is completed.
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PowerSharing is a configuration where one electrical feed powers more than one charger port/parking space. For example, when one vehicle is plugged in, the entire electrical load is delivered to that vehicle. When an additional vehicle plugs in to the charger string, the electrical load will split in half, delivering reduced equivalent power to both vehicles. Considerations need to be carefully assessed to ensure the split load does not compromise the effectiveness of the charge times. Charger OEMs range from the ability to powershare from two, up to ten or more vehicles. This directly impacts the effectiveness for each vehicle depending on charge time needed, and climate.
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Smartcharging is the combination of EVSE specialized hardware and software used in combination at all times to report and store data, monitor, control from a remote location by the station owner or managing entity. - savvycharge
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Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) is the hardware that delivers energy to a vehicles onboard inverter or battery management system for the purpose or refueling an electric vehicle. - savvycharge
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Kilowatt-hour (KWh) is the measure of energy consumed, delivered, or stored by the generation, delivery or utilization of electrical equipment. This is a unit of power multiplied by the time it used that power for. An example is a 1,000watt (1kW) oven used for three hours will use 1000w x 3hrs = 3kWh of energy.
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Cable Management System (CMS) is a standard or add-on device, used in conjunction with ECVE for the intent to keep charging cables neat and protected. Some configurations keep cables off the ground, even during charging sessions. Options can include self-retracting or coiling depending on available configurations for each product.
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J1772 (SAE J1772) represents the standard configuration for a common non-Tesla Level 2 charger port configuration.
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Energy Management is the ability to control, curtail, or shift energy within a system to minimize unnecessary energy consumption. This can be used in conjunction with a Building Automation System (BAS), Building Management System (BMS) or similar. A common example of energy management is daylight sensors, occupancy/vacancy sensors, and timers for adjusting light levels on premises. An Energy Management System can include a network and software for the monitoring and control from a remote location.
Types of Chargers
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Every case is different. The lower the charger output, the longer the vehicle needs to remain plugged in to refuel. Knowing how long vehicles will be parked there will help determine charger size and type. It also depends on what the owner wants to provide for guests/employees. Vehicle battery size will also need to be considered. Typical level 2 stations will range from 30A (7.2kW at 240V) up to 80A (19.2kW at 240V). Many chargers provide powershare, where the 30-80A load will be split between several ports. This needs to be carefully implemented in colder climates and vehicle minimum amperage requirements.
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Level 1.) 120V single phase 20A. Level 2.) 208/240V single phase (30-80A). Level 3.) 480V 3Ø (150-500A). From a driver standpoint, these categories affect charging speed and how the charger interacts with the vehicle. Level 1 and 2 are limited by the onboard charger/inverter. Level 3 bypasses the onboard charger/inverter and is limited by the battery management system, battery cell type, or chemistry.
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If your site is well-suited for a Level 3 charger, you may be able to take advantage of NEVI funds to cover a substantial portion of project costs. These factors are specific to the NEVI program, and in some cases can be increased pairing with other programs. A Level 3 charger is significantly more expensive than a Level 2 charger, and requires a 480V 3-Phase electrical source. Level 3 chargers are great for bringing travelers to businesses, and are convenient for EV drivers making quick stops for recharging.
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This depends on the total energy (KWh) needed to be injected into the battery, and the size (kW) of the charger. For example, a 100kWh battery at 50% will need 40kWh of energy to bring back to 90%. Most Lithium-ion battery manufacturers recommend not charging beyond 90% for most driving. If your charger is 7.2kW, it will take 5.55 hours in moderate weather. A 19.2kW charger will refuel to 90% in 2.1 hours in moderate weather. In cold climates, the battery will draw energy to maintain temperature, increasing charge times.
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There are factors to consider when discussing quantity of charge points on a given premises. The use case, number of drivers, location, and type of property will factor local and ADA requirements, along with best practices for EV charging.
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More recently, charger OEMs carry very similar options. Charger output, software configurations, operating temperatures, and fit & finish vary between OEMs, however most brands will provide a product suited for charging needs. These are all dependent on use cases, project requirements, and potential existing EVSE for a particular customer.
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Using a listed level 2 EVSE unit is designed for the connection of electric vehicles and comes with built-in ground-fault circuit interruption (GFCI). A 14-50 receptacle, similar to a residential dryer or range outlet is not designed for continuous connection and disconnection of a vehicle charger. The 14-50 receptacle may also be installed without GFCI protection, and has been known to cause residential fires.
Benefits of Software Management
With the right platform, businesses can easily track charge point performance, optimize revenue generation, and gain insights into customer usage patterns to enhance station placement and marketing strategies. Additionally, EV charging solutions streamline management processes, making it intuitive for teams to monitor and manage stations, facilitate communication among stakeholders, reduce time and costs associated with installation and maintenance, provide real-time and historical data for informed decision-making, optimize energy usage to minimize downtime and costs, enable remote management of station groups, and offer user-friendly apps for EV drivers to locate nearby charging points, ultimately leading to smarter and more efficient management of charging infrastructure.
Differences between softwares
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Cost of Software
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What is OCPP (Open Communication Point Protocol) and how does it affect my site?
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Software Management Companies
One Stop Shops
They build their own charger, have their own software, and phone app (Flo, Blink, Chargepoint, EnelX, Zef, Autel) Customers like this because there's "one throat to choke" if they have issues
Software Platforms
ChargeLab, EVgo, EVConnect are just a software platfform that can manage other chargers that don't have their own software (ABB, Siemens, Bosch, Wallbox, Atom Power, and other electrical manufacturers' chargers).
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